The Characteristics of a Sandy Shore at Pallarenda Beach, Townsville, North Queensland :: essays research papers fc

The characteristics of a sandy shore at Pallarenda beach, Townsville, North Queensland. Introduction: The sandy shores of beaches can be considered as a very harsh environment to live in (Ted Klenk, 1999). Survival in such a habitat requires an organism to withstand strong wave and current action, tidal rise and fall, unstable substrate, heavy predation and wide variations in salinity and temperature (The Otter Island Project). Any organism found in this type of harsh environment is specialized and highly adapted (The Otter Island Project). Fine, sandy beaches often occur in areas with light wave action (California's Ocean Resources, 1995). While a more coarse sand is found with heavy wave action (California's Ocean Resources, 1995). The slope gradient of a beach also helps determine the grain size of the sediment (Bascom, 1959). The steeper a beach is, the larger the sand particles (Ted Klenk, 1999). The water retention of coarse sand is quite low allowing temperatures to rise easily at low tide (MB2050 lecture notes). Any organisms on a coarse particle beach will not only have to deal with the very unstable substrate but also the real danger of desiccation (MB2050 lecture notes). Fine sediment areas do not have much water moving through the particles (MB2050 lecture notes). Therefore any oxygen available is used up quickly by burrowing organisms (MB2050 lecture notes). There comes a point beneath the substrate where there is insufficient oxygen for organisms to respire, this is called the anoxic layer (MB2050 lecture notes). The anoxic layer is therefore much deeper under coarse sediments then fine (MB2050 lecture notes). The fish community of a surf zone is largely controlled by three factors (Robertson & Lenanton, 1984). The form of primary production input to the surf zone, the water movement pattern, and the geomorphology of the sandy beach (Robertson & Lenanton, 1984). Fish such as anchovies, herrings and mullets often inhabits surf zones around the world (The Otter Island Project). The aims of this experiment were to examine physical features and sediment-related characteristics of Pallarenda beach and the influence of these characteristics on the occurrence and distribution of the intertidal taxa. This experiment also aimed to describe the fauna in the surf zone region of Pallarenda beach. Materials and Methods: The beach studied during this experiment was Pallarenda Beach just North of the city of Townsville in North Queensland. The co-ordinates of the location were 19o11.8’S, 146o46.6’E. The beach experiences a tropical climate, the experiment was carried out on the 4th of March in the year 2000 after much rainfall.

Marriage boundaries Essay

Important boundary principles helps couples build a strong marriage for the goodness of the family without compromising on their freedom, truth or integrity. Marriage boundaries may either be physical or emotional depending on how they are drafted by the two individuals. The physical boundaries entail the protection of the marriage from intruders (parents, in-laws, other people, external affairs or even children to some extent) who might disrupt the normal activities within the marriage. Emotional boundaries are complex to define and are usually confined to personal feelings, sexual satisfaction and how to deal with issues that may affect the family. In any perspective, marriage boundaries help to ensure that ea thriving family is achieved. There is other various marriage boundaries which dictate the extent to which the couple in the marriage are suppose to meet. These boundaries might range from sexual, family or societal relations which explain that married couples should remain as faithful as possible to each other. Unfaithfulness is believed to be the main contributor to marriage breakups and high divorce rates currently being experienced. Marriage identity Marriage identity is the legal aspect of the union between the two couples. Married people identify themselves as one and are related through love. Partners usually identify themselves as a family when children come to the scene . People marry either in a religious, social or judicial system and are awarded a marriage certificate. This is the legal identity in a marriage setting that identifies two people-husband and wife. Some societies also use children as an identity of their marriage and the family at large. These groups of people name their children after their parents. This will ensure that there is continuity of the family values and history for the generations to come Alliances Alliances in a marriage are very common these days due to increased collaboration of couples through religious, educational or geographical groupings. These alliances are can be good or bad for the family. Alliances can also be through corporations with the grandparents, extended family members and the community in general. Depending on the type of alliance developed in the marriage, good values or norms may be possible to be obtained. Some people in the alliance might use it as a weapon to ‘kill’ the morale of the other couple assuming that couples form alliances with one another (group marriage). There is always the issue of mistrust and spreading of propaganda among people in an alliance and the consequences are usually dire to the existence of a marriage Spouse differences Differences between the spouses may lead to family breakups . Spouse differences may come as a result of financial misappropriations or lack of it. In many societies, the spouses are taught to remain together as a couple despite the challenges that might be faced. Other wide and complicated factors have recently contributed to the emergence of spouse differences especially if they are not sorted out during courtship. Family differences and cultural disparities are the most common ones. It is also possible that the each partner in the marriage could associate himself or herself with a specific political group which may not be meaningful to the other partner. Such simple issues may result in huge misunderstandings in the marriage and by default the family at large. Many and more parents are increasingly incorporation their married children to their own settings so that they may be taught how to handle each other. Although this may be considered interference from the parents and the fact that those marrying are already grownups and can take care of them, it is important for the development of the family marriage Marriage economics Marriage economics is an issue that may in one way or another affect the family. Most cultures, historically makes sure that the family of the husband pays dowry to the family of the wife. Dowry is considered a token or gift for the wife’s family in order to allow the parents of the lady to have a ‘compensation’. Other cultures require that the family of the bride pays dowry to the family of the man marrying their daughter. But in both cases, the family of the groom and the family of the bride do the financial transactions without involving the bride. Recently issues of financial management between a husband and a wife have become a subject of discussion. People argue that the couple should have a joint account in order to make any financial decisions together. Excessive perfectionism Any marriage ensures that the families resulting from it benefit squarely. Children are the ‘fruits’ of the marriage and with that, the couple may want the children to live happily in future by investing in their good upbringing, education, behaviors, financial investments etc. In that process, there is a temptation of the parents to be over protective. Each of the partners would want to play their part in the child protection, upbringing and other roles of within the marital boundaries. Studies have shown that irresponsible children will most likely become irresponsible parents in future Marriage roles Marriage roles are dependent on the kind family it is considered. In a polygamous family, the father is the sole provider of the whole family and gets support from the wives. But in a monogamous marriage, the husband and wife share most of the roles. The husband in a traditional society is given more roles; security, provision of basic needs, building the houses among others. The wife on the other hand sires the children, prepare food and ensure that all household work is perfectly done. With increased levels of education, modernization and equality activists, things are changing and the roles of each member of the family is becoming insignificant. Marriage rules Depending on the two married partners, rules may differ from one marriage setting to the other. A marriage counselor once said that ‘the Dutch soccer principle’ applies in marriage. This principle means that any player can attack when an opportunity strikes and any player can defend when there is need to. The same applies in married where the husband or the wife can do the ‘attacking’ and ‘defending’ when necessary. Marriage rules are defined religiously, socially or legally through set policies by the government. Religious groups believe that the bible outlines how a husband and a wife must live together in harmony. One of the ten commandments of the bible clearly describes how one shall not covet his or her neighbor’s wife or practice any form of adultery, it is considered to be sin. Individuals also set their own marriage rules when they are beginning their married life i. e. to be faithful, committed, loving and considerate to each other.

Cmo afecta la ley HB87 de Georgia a los indocumentados

La ley de Georgia HB 87, considerada como restrictiva de la inmigracià ³n, impone castigos a los inmigrantes indocumentados que viven dentro de las fronteras de ese estado. Y es que aunque las leyes de la inmigracià ³n son federales y, por lo tanto, son iguales todo Estados Unidos sin importan donde se resida lo cierto es que cada estado puede pasar medidas de apoyo a los migrantes, legales y/o indocumentados o, por el contrario, restrictivas de los derechos de los sin papeles. Ese à ºltimo es el caso de Georgia, pero no es el à ºnico. Destacan en ese sentido las leyes de Arizona, Alabama y Carolina del Sur. Si usted es uno de los 480 mil indocumentados que vive en Georgia o se planea mudarse a vivir a ese estado es conveniente saber los puntos bà ¡sicos de la ley HB-87 tal y como se aplica en la actualidad despuà ©s de que varias organizaciones demandaran con à ©xito irregular la suspensià ³n de algunas partes de la ley. Cà ³mo afecta la ley de Georgia HB-87 a los indocumentados En primer lugar, en aplicacià ³n de la ley de Georgia HB-87 las empresas con mà ¡s de un cierto nà ºmero de trabajadores deben utilizar el programa federal e-Verify para garantizar que sus los empleados son ciudadanos americanos o està ¡n legalmente autorizados para trabajar en Estados Unidos. Asà ­, todas las agencias estatales y todos los empresarios privados con mà ¡s de 500 empleados deben verificar el estatus legal de todos los nuevos trabajadores. Desde el 1 de julio de 2012, està ¡ obligacià ³n se ha extendido a todas las empresas con mà ¡s de 100 empleados y desde el uno de enero de 2013 se extenderà ¡ a todas que tengan mà ¡s de 10 trabajadores. Ademà ¡s, la utilizacià ³n de documentos falsos como licencias de manejar, tarjetas de la seguridad social o green cards con el objeto de obtener empleo està ¡ castigado con multas de hasta $250,000 y con penas de prisià ³n por un mà ¡ximo de 15 aà ±os. Asimismo, todas las peticiones de ayudas para la vivienda o para la compra de alimentos (food stamps) deberà ¡n acompaà ±arse por la presentacià ³n de determinada documentacià ³n que pruebe el estatus legal del solicitante. Y quizà ¡ lo mà ¡s digno de resaltar es que  la policà ­a estatal y local puede verificar el estatus migratorio de las personas a las que para o detiene. Es lo que se conoce como la polà ­tica de muà ©strame los papeles (show me your papers, en inglà ©s). Es de destacar que se autoriza a la policà ­a a pedir los papeles pero no se hace mandatorio que debe hacerlo. Asà ­, por ejemplo, las fuerzas del orden del estado de Georgia podrà ¡n pedir papeles para verificar el estatus migratorio de las personas que manejen un auto sin la debida licencia. Disposicià ³n de la ley de inmigracià ³n de Georgia HB-87 que està ¡ suspendida   Por decisià ³n de la Corte de Apelaciones de Atlanta sigue en suspenso la seccià ³n de la ley que penaliza a todas las personas que a sabiendas, acogen en sus viviendas o transportan a un inmigrante indocumentado cuando se està ¡ cometiendo un delito. Derechos de los migrantes indocumentados Los migrantes indocumentados, a pesar de su estatus, tambià ©n tienen derechos si son arrestados o parados. En estos casos es muy importante que reciban un buen asesoramiento legal si sus caminos cruzan el de las autoridades y, por su puesto, si reciben una citacià ³n para presentarse en una corte de Inmigracià ³n, ya que el no hacerlo tiene consecuencia una orden de deportacià ³n (de la que es posible no saber que se tiene). Ademà ¡s, en casos de arresto o/y inicio de procedimiento de deportacià ³n conviene consultar con un abogado si es conveniente solicitar una salida voluntaria, ya que puede tener ventajas si no hay forma legal de parar la deportacià ³n. Por à ºltimo, destacar que incluso en Georgia los muchachos con la Accià ³n Diferida aprobada (DACA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) pueden obtener la licencia de manejar. Y que hay ciertos beneficios sociales mà ­nimos reconocidos por las leyes federales que se tienen que cumplir, como el acceso a Wic para el caso de bebà ©s, infantes y embarazadas o la asistencia en clà ­nicas comunitarias e incluso en ER de hospitales en los casos de peligro para la vida. Este artà ­culo es informativo. No es asistencia legal para ningà ºn caso concreto.

Bipolar And Dissociative Identity Disorder Essay - 781 Words

Elizabeth Mejia November 10, 2015 ELA-9 period-5 Bipolar v. Dissociative Identity Disorder Informative Essay Several people mix and confuse some of the causes and symptoms of Bipolar disorder and Dissociative Identity disorder. While both disorders do share certain symptoms, the differences could not be more prominent. Both disorders have similar causes, symptoms and treatment options. There are cases where the disorders have taken over, or they have become a part of people’s everyday lives. Although you might want to feel sympathy for those who have been diagnosed, many of the people lead perfectly happy and normal lives. Bipolar disorder and D.I.D. have alike causes, but there are noticeable differences as well. For example, there are no real singular cause for either of them. Some cases of both disorders have reported that traumatic events can lead to these disorders. However, it is more common for those who are affected by the manic-depressive illness to receive the disorder through family genes. Unlike those who are bipolar, it is much more common to have dissociative identity among those who were physically or sexually abused as a child or young age. Contrary to belief D.I.D. is actually quite rare. There only about 200,000 U.S. cases per year. That is only about 1%-3% of America’s population. Which in contrast to bipolar disorder, which has about 3,000,000 million U.S. cases per year, D.I.D is much less common. Symptoms for the two are more alike than youShow MoreRelatedBipolar And Dissociative Identity Disorder Essay728 Words   |  3 Pages Elizabeth Mejia November 10, 2015 ELA-9 period-5 Bipolar v. Dissociative Identity Disorder Informative Essay Several people mix and confuse some of the causes and symptoms of Bipolar disorder and Dissociative Identity disorder. While both disorders do share certain symptoms, the differences could not be more prominent. Both disorders have similar causes, symptoms and treatment options. There are cases where the disorders have taken over, or they have become a part of people’s everyday lives. AlthoughRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Dissociative Identity Disorder Essay1651 Words   |  7 PagesMany have confused schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with dissociative identity disorder. Bipolar disorder also known as manic-depression is a fairly common disorder when compared to schizophrenia and dissociative identity disorder. It is also well-understood and treated by a combination of medications and psychotherapy.It is characterized by alternating moods of mania and depression. These usually last weeks or even months depending on the person. People who are manic have a high energy level an dRead MoreBipolar Disorder : A Deep Rooted Sickness1527 Words   |  7 PagesBipolar disorder is a deep rooted sickness. 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They make the lives of people who have them very difficult and stressful. They do understand though when people are being mean; they might not understand why, but they know you’re not being kind. Dissociative identity disorder is an illness that takes place when two or more distinctly different

International Business Strategy for Apple - 3716 Words

International Business Strategy II 1. Liu Shu 6509037 Introduction Google and Apple are giants in technology industry. These two companies provide innovate products or service and have unique organizational structure and culture. Under the increasing pressure of cost reduction and local responsiveness caused by globalization development, both Google and Apple are transforming into transnational organizations. This report will critically evaluate the comparative transnational effectiveness of Google and Apple in terms of motivation means and mentalities, layers of competitiveness, across boundaries management and corporation social responsiveness (CSR). 2. Motivations†¦show more content†¦However, Google slightly changed their services and strategies to satisfy the different demands of nations. Apple, on the other hand, has less pressure on local responsiveness for providing the standardized products to customers in nations. Recently, both Google and Apple reached transnational mentality for meeting local needs as well as maintaining competitive advantages. Figure 4 3. Layers of Competence According to Bartlett Beamish (2014), there are three strategic goals that transnational firms should pursue for, global scale efficiency, multinational flexibility and responsiveness, and worldwide innovation and learning. 3.1 Efficiency Overall efficiency can be generally regarded as the ratio of the value of outputs and inputs. The enhancement of efficiency could be achieved by generating higher revenues and reducing 3 International Business Strategy II Liu Shu 6509037 costs through exploiting differences in sourcing and market potential across countries, the economies of scale and scope. 3.1.1 National Differences A firm can gain cost advantages by utilizing variances in sourcing and market potential globally. Apple exploits opportunities in the global market. 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It is recommended that the strategies also implicate considerations about organization s internal factors

Was Germany responsible for the Outbreak of WW1 Free Essays

There is much evidence to suggest that German Aggression was responsible for the outbreak of a general European war in August 1914. Both Sources 1 and 2 play on the idea that both the Kaiser and Bethmann Hollweg used its foreign policies to create tension within Europe which consequently led to a European war. Source 1 argues ‘Germany’s foreign policy aims were focused on annexation, and that she went to was to achieve these aims’ highlighting the forceful nature which Germany could have possessed in this era. We will write a custom essay sample on Was Germany responsible for the Outbreak of WW1? or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, Source 3 argues that infact the growing tension in Europe arguably led Germany to fight a defensive war and that it was infact Britain, Russia and France through Germany’s fear of invasion who stimulated the war; ‘The British were determined to maintain their naval superiority, whatever the financial and political cost’. This leads to the judgement that although there is some evidence to suggest that Germany did fight a defensive war to some extent, overall German aggression did lead to the outbreak of a general European war. Firstly, the idea that Germany did fight an aggressive war can be seen through Germany’s increasing desire for European Hegemony. The fact that Germany was slowly but surly disabling European peace in its quest for Weltpolitik shows how Germany were looking for confrontation. The Moroccan Crisis’ of 1905-11 highlights the Kaiser’s desire to expand the German empire into other continents as well as just Europe. The consequences of this crisis furthermore increased the bitterness between the Germans and the French; showing how the idea of Weltpolitik played a large part in the why Germany had an aggressive attitude to war. Both Source 1 and 2 follow the line of argument that the aggression had led to war, and that ‘Germanys foreign policy aims were focused on annexation, and that she went to war to achieve these aims’ shows that Germany had had every intention to go to war. That, in conclusion with the latter emergence of the Schlieffen plan suggests how Germany were prepared to go to war highlighting that the idea they were fighting an defensive war could be hard to believe. Source 2 furthermore states that How to cite Was Germany responsible for the Outbreak of WW1?, Papers Was Germany responsible for the Outbreak of WW1 Free Essays There is much evidence to suggest that German Aggression was responsible for the outbreak of a general European war in August 1914. Both Sources 1 and 2 play on the idea that both the Kaiser and Bethmann Hollweg used its foreign policies to create tension within Europe which consequently led to a European war. Source 1 argues ‘Germany’s foreign policy aims were focused on annexation, and that she went to was to achieve these aims’ highlighting the forceful nature which Germany could have possessed in this era. We will write a custom essay sample on Was Germany responsible for the Outbreak of WW1? or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, Source 3 argues that infact the growing tension in Europe arguably led Germany to fight a defensive war and that it was infact Britain, Russia and France through Germany’s fear of invasion who stimulated the war; ‘The British were determined to maintain their naval superiority, whatever the financial and political cost’. This leads to the judgement that although there is some evidence to suggest that Germany did fight a defensive war to some extent, overall German aggression did lead to the outbreak of a general European war. Firstly, the idea that Germany did fight an aggressive war can be seen through Germany’s increasing desire for European Hegemony. The fact that Germany was slowly but surly disabling European peace in its quest for Weltpolitik shows how Germany were looking for confrontation. The Moroccan Crisis’ of 1905-11 highlights the Kaiser’s desire to expand the German empire into other continents as well as just Europe. The consequences of this crisis furthermore increased the bitterness between the Germans and the French; showing how the idea of Weltpolitik played a large part in the why Germany had an aggressive attitude to war. Both Source 1 and 2 follow the line of argument that the aggression had led to war, and that ‘Germanys foreign policy aims were focused on annexation, and that she went to war to achieve these aims’ shows that Germany had had every intention to go to war. That, in conclusion with the latter emergence of the Schlieffen plan suggests how Germany were prepared to go to war highlighting that the idea they were fighting an defensive war could be hard to believe. Source 2 furthermore states that How to cite Was Germany responsible for the Outbreak of WW1?, Papers

The Construction of The Commercial Buildings

Question: Write an essay on The construction of the commercial buildings. Answer: The construction of the commercial buildings in Warrun Ponds has increased as new business organizations are coming to the country. Since the available commercial space in the country is limited to cater the increasing demand of the commercial business space in Warrun Ponds thus large commercial projects have come up lately in the country(Behrens, 2013). The commercial buildings are basically designed to facilitate the business interactions among the companies and their prospective customers and to enable sale of the products of the companies. Since the purpose of the commercial buildings is different from the residential buildings thus they pose different challenges for the construction designers. The designers also give a lot of importance to the aesthetics and performance of the commercial buildings so that the building can meet the requirements of the various business organizations. The commercial project involves the construction of a ten story single building which has large sp ace for the sales professionals and their customers (Bourne, 2006). The main aim of the project planners was to create such a design of the building which is within the limits of the budget and meets all the required standards that has been set by the user. The planners also has to make sure that the building keeping in mind all the safety standards that are set by the government of Warrun Ponds. On the basis of the commercial use of the building the designers of the project team produced the initial layout of the building with the plans for all the floors of the building. The design of the building consist of all the layout of the structure of the beams, girders, columns along with the connections of the girders and the elements of the foundation. In the structure of the building sections are planned to use either steel or concrete depending upon the suitability and the purpose of the structures. The design of the building also have the provision of a dome roof, a glass wall at the front side of the building and large area for the lobby so that then business conversations can take place in that lobby. For the construction of the structures various designs were evaluated by the project team. The type of the materials to be procured is also reviewed and the various construction methods were evaluated on the basis of the feasibility of the project(Bourne, 2006).The performance of the structures is also evaluated so that it can be checked weather they serve their requisite purpose. BUILDING PURPOSE AND LOCATION: The main task prior to the construction of the building is to identify the purpose of the building and its location. In the given below paragraphs these points have been discussed thoroughly. Purpose of The Building: As discussed in the introduction the building is designed to serve the commercial purpose especially as a shopping mall. The building is intended to house various business facilities and will be housing the offices and showrroms of the leading multinationals. Location of the Site: The building is located in the site 4 in new central harbor front, Warrun Ponds. The project team has the necessary documents regarding the plan of the site and the geotechnical information. The location of the building in the harbor front gives it access to all the necessary facilities that will be required for the construction of the building (Behrens, 2013). The available site is of 0.93 hectares and the gross floor area of the building is estimated to be 7500 squares meters. Design of the Building Structures: The design of the building structures was the most crucial part of the project. The design of the steel members and the structure made of concrete is done according to the building codes of the Warrun Ponds(Bourne, 2006). The design of the building include the design of the floor which serves some specific purpose. The design also include the loading values of the various natural factors. The planners of the building evaluated the design of the various framing members of the building to select the most appropriate design for the building which is both cost effective and serves the purpose of the building. Design of the foundation: Among the design of the various sections of the building the design of the foundation of the building is very important as it provides the support to the complete building.The designers have to make su8re that the foundation of the building is capable enough to transfer the complete weight of the building to the ground which is providing the support to the building. The samples of soil collected from various boring holes are evaluated to create the complete profile of the soil which are used during the analysis of the foundation design. The foundation of the buildings are broadly classified as: Shallow foundation Deep foundation In this building process deep foundation is used. The deep foundation consist of various long pillars that go deep into the ground. The deep foundation is effective in case of the high rise apartments and buildings as they are able to transfer the load deep into the earth crust. As the soil conditions improve as we go deep into the earth crust thus the deep foundations provide effective support that is required for the high rise buildings. Schedule Analysis: The Warrun ponds construction project is a very unique project. It is a construction-design build project. Also this project involves the installation of the solar panels and the desalination plant which makes the successful completion of the project a challenge (Sobanska and Kalinowski, 2014). Also the sheer size of the project and rough and arid climatic condition of the area also makes the construction of the project very difficult. Thus the monitoring of the project is very important for the successful completion of the project. The main purpose for carrying out the constant monitoring of the project is that all the stakeholders of the project can accurately gauge the progress of the project and can compare the current situation of the project in comparison with the set plan and targets for the projects. This help to estimate the budget of the project. The graphical interface is generated with the help of the photogrammetry and photo modeler tools. Then the graphical interface is transported to the Visual basic TM which is a type of event based programming tool. The main purpose of the application of the DCM is to generate a model of the construction which is based on the 2D photographs and the detailed design of the complete building. Construction management plan The strategy for the management of the various teams like the HR, Communications and the Stakeholder management teams are as follows: The first step in managing the teams is to find best talent for building the team and The proposed model for monitoring is sub divided into various phases. The phase 1 of the model is called as the input phase. In this phase the information that is provided is evaluated by the user in the similar format of that of the schedule of the work that is already planned (Robinson, 2007). The format can be txt file, Auto CAD file etc. After the user has checked all the information the phase 2 of the system begins. The phase 2 of the system comprise of the processing of the information. This process takes place automatically as the Visual basic is used to design, develop and to write the computer program of the DCM user interface. The main task of this phase is to evaluate the amount of progress by integrating the information with the data base. The databases were created in the phase 2 itself when the user was checking through the various data and information that is required and the value of the 3D coordinates were obtained from the AutoCAD diagrams. The main target should be to hire the specialist in the project (Dempsey, n.d.). The soil properties are studied by taking the soil samples from the various holes that are drilled deep inside the earth crust. The size of these holes is very small. The soil samples are examined in laboratories for various features such as: Type of the soil, color of the soil, moisture content of the soil, tensile and compressive strength of the soil and the density of the soil. This process also enables to study the properties of the soil at different layers of the soil. The project manager should clearly explain the expectations of the organization to the team members. All the individual members should be explained properly about their role in the organization and should explain them how their role is important for the completion of the project (Carmeli, 2008). The local zonal laws are evaluated as there are different building laws for different zones. The permits required for the construction of the building are assessed. The commercial project houses various facility such as the showrooms for leading automobile brands, shops of leading retail houses and office space for the leading multinationals. The project board uses various methodologies to ensure that the building is designed according to the local laws. The top managers should ensure that the working environment is friendly enough so that the team members can freely discuss their plans for the organization with them. The design of the building consists of main lobby area which is utilized for the seating arrangement of the customers (Behrens, 2013). The lobby will also contain provision for the front desk and a counter to enable cash transaction. The building will be having office of various floor areas which can accommodate different employees of an organization. The layout of the floors of the building was designed according to the set standards in Warrun Ponds. The top managers should encourage the members of the team to share their feelings. The costing of the building is evaluated on the basis of the cost of each ton of steel and the cost of the concrete is evaluated on the basis of the volume of each concrete structures. The designers of the building also made it sure that the structure used in the building are as light weighted as possible and withstanding the associated codes and regulations(Bourne, 2006).The standard dimensions were used while designing the frames of the building. The group referred to the building codes in china for the construction of the steel structures and the for the evaluation of the material standards used in the concrete structures of the commercial building. The Project managers should also develop a dispute solving process. Another important factor that is considered important for the design of the foundation is the soil settlement analysis. The high consolidation of the soil beneath the frame of the foundation can cause damage to the structural members of the foundation by causing exerting excessive stress on them. Thus the designers have taken the utmost care to limit the effect of the soil settlement. The settlement analysis of the soil is done to estimate the vertical stresses exerted by the soil and their corresponding elastic strain (Behrens, 2013).Depending on the cohesion and cohesionless property of the soil the settlement analysis is done. Occupational Health and Safety risk assessment 1) Buried Services: One of the major risks that the workers and people in the excavation site might face is the risk from the buried services like electrical wirings, pipelines, cable etc. If the underground services are damaged during carrying out the excavation work they can cause injuries to the workers and the common public (Smirnov and Ershova, 2014). The workers might get electric shocks or they can get injured due to fire and explosion. 2) Overhead Lines: Another major risk that has been identified at the project site is the overhead transmission lines and equipments supporting the transmission system like the poles, towers and unprotected electric wires (Smirnov and Ershova, 2014). The main function of the building foundation is todistribute the complete mass of the building without overstressing the bearing structures of the building. The designers of then foundation have to ensure that the foundation have sufficient strength to withstand shock loadings due to various seismic activity. Thus the properties of the soil beneath the foundations are carefully studied before designing foundations of the structures. Overhead transmission lines can be damaged by the excavating machines or the poles can be damaged if it is very near to the excavation site. Since the transmission lines carry high voltage currents thus they pose serious threat to the excavation workers and the equipments. 3) Workers falling In the Excavated Site: The workers and the people in the vicinity of the excavation site can face serious injury if they accidentally fall in the excavated region. The injuries could also be fatal if the excavated site has boulders or the height of the excavated site is more. Thus company use physical barriers to guard the edges of the excavated site. The engineers and the supervisors should inspect the edges of the excavated site to ensure that proper barriers are installed in all the edges. Proper sign boards should also be placed at the construction site. The monitoring of the project progress is generally done by the contractor and is updated to the main developer of the project on a regular basis. It was found that the most successful way of monitoring the complete construction process was the DCM (Digitalized construction monitoring system). The DCM process creates inter relationship among the simultaneous processes by through creating cooperation between the various process of evaluation. The main purpose of introducing the DCM process was to have a proper system which can help to monitor the construction and the enables the evaluation of the complete process. The DCM is Based on the object oriented process is programming that is based on the events that happen in the construction process. These events are explained in the graphical interface that is provided in the DCM. 4) Plant falling into the excavated region: The progress of the work could be seriously hampered if the plant falls into the excavated site. For example if a concrete lorry falls into the excavated site then the workers will serious injuries and it will also halt the progress of the work. It will also increase the cost of the project (Tidey, 2013). Thus the company should plan the routes of the vehicles in advance and should inform the same to the drivers. The phase three of the system will be used for the getting the resulted interface of the process. It is also possible to obtain the outcome in the graphical format in this phase. As shown in the below given image the graphical data is represented in the Gnatt chart. The final step that is followed in this system is to take the immediate steps in order to address those areas where some problem is noticed. The step takes place when the Project Manger finds out that the delays are taking place and the actual construction process is be hind the schedule. 5) Risk of the sides of the Excavation Collapsing: The workers and the people could face a fatal injury if the sides or edges of the excavated site collapse (Tidey, 2013). Since most workers will work in the excavated site during operation risers thus if the sides collapses then it might fall on the workers. Thus the company should evaluate the condition of the ground at the excavation site make a proper assessment of the compactness of the ground. References Behrens, J. (2013). SITE HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN. 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